Modelling environmental factors correlated with podoconiosis: a geospatial study of non-filarial elephantiasis
Identifieur interne : 002819 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002818; suivant : 002820Modelling environmental factors correlated with podoconiosis: a geospatial study of non-filarial elephantiasis
Auteurs : Yordanos B. Molla [Royaume-Uni] ; Nicola A. Wardrop [Royaume-Uni] ; Jennifer S. Le Blond [Royaume-Uni] ; Peter Baxter [Royaume-Uni] ; Melanie J. Newport [Royaume-Uni] ; Peter M. Atkinson [Royaume-Uni] ; Gail Davey [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- International Journal of Health Geographics [ 1476-072X ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- analyse : Polluants du sol.
- diagnostic : Éléphantiasis.
- épidémiologie : Éléphantiasis, Éthiopie.
- Cartographie géographique, Facteurs de risque, Humains, Surveillance de l'environnement.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Éthiopie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Soil Pollutants.
- geographic , epidemiology : Ethiopia.
- diagnosis : Elephantiasis.
- epidemiology : Elephantiasis.
- methods : Environmental Monitoring.
- Geographic Mapping, Humans, Risk Factors.
Abstract
The precise trigger of podoconiosis — endemic non-filarial elephantiasis of the lower legs — is unknown. Epidemiological and ecological studies have linked the disease with barefoot exposure to red clay soils of volcanic origin. Histopathology investigations have demonstrated that silicon, aluminium, magnesium and iron are present in the lower limb lymph node macrophages of both patients and non-patients living barefoot on these clays. We studied the spatial variation (variations across an area) in podoconiosis prevalence and the associated environmental factors with a goal to better understanding the pathogenesis of podoconiosis.
Fieldwork was conducted from June 2011 to February 2013 in 12
Podoconiosis distribution showed spatial correlation with variation in elevation and precipitation. Exploratory analysis identified that phyllosilicate minerals, particularly clay (smectite and kaolinite) and mica groups, quartz (crystalline silica), iron oxide, and zirconium were associated with podoconiosis prevalence. The final multivariate model showed that the quantities of smectite (
More quantities of smectite, mica and quartz within the soil were associated with podoconiosis prevalence. Together with previous work indicating that these minerals may influence water absorption, potentiate infection and be toxic to human cells, the present findings suggest that these particles may play a role in the pathogenesis of podoconiosis and acute adenolymphangitis, a common cause of morbidity in podoconiosis patients.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1476-072X-13-24
PubMed: 24946801
PubMed Central: 4082615
Affiliations:
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Molla</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brighton BN1 9PS</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wardrop, Nicola A" sort="Wardrop, Nicola A" uniqKey="Wardrop N" first="Nicola A" last="Wardrop">Nicola A. Wardrop</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Blond, Jennifer S" sort="Le Blond, Jennifer S" uniqKey="Le Blond J" first="Jennifer S" last="Le Blond">Jennifer S. Le Blond</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brighton BN1 9PS</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>London SW7 5BD</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baxter, Peter" sort="Baxter, Peter" uniqKey="Baxter P" first="Peter" last="Baxter">Peter Baxter</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I4">Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2SR</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Newport, Melanie J" sort="Newport, Melanie J" uniqKey="Newport M" first="Melanie J" last="Newport">Melanie J. Newport</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brighton BN1 9PS</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atkinson, Peter M" sort="Atkinson, Peter M" uniqKey="Atkinson P" first="Peter M" last="Atkinson">Peter M. Atkinson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davey, Gail" sort="Davey, Gail" uniqKey="Davey G" first="Gail" last="Davey">Gail Davey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brighton BN1 9PS</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Health Geographics</title><idno type="eISSN">1476-072X</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis (diagnosis)</term><term>Elephantiasis (epidemiology)</term><term>Environmental Monitoring (methods)</term><term>Ethiopia (epidemiology)</term><term>Geographic Mapping</term><term>Humans</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>Soil Pollutants (analysis)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cartographie géographique</term><term>Facteurs de risque</term><term>Humains</term><term>Polluants du sol (analyse)</term><term>Surveillance de l'environnement ()</term><term>Éléphantiasis (diagnostic)</term><term>Éléphantiasis (épidémiologie)</term><term>Éthiopie (épidémiologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Soil Pollutants</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Ethiopia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Polluants du sol</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Éléphantiasis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Environmental Monitoring</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Éléphantiasis</term><term>Éthiopie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Geographic Mapping</term><term>Humans</term><term>Risk Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cartographie géographique</term><term>Facteurs de risque</term><term>Humains</term><term>Surveillance de l'environnement</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Éthiopie</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>The precise trigger of podoconiosis — endemic non-filarial elephantiasis of the lower legs — is unknown. Epidemiological and ecological studies have linked the disease with barefoot exposure to red clay soils of volcanic origin. Histopathology investigations have demonstrated that silicon, aluminium, magnesium and iron are present in the lower limb lymph node macrophages of both patients and non-patients living barefoot on these clays. We studied the spatial variation (variations across an area) in podoconiosis prevalence and the associated environmental factors with a goal to better understanding the pathogenesis of podoconiosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Fieldwork was conducted from June 2011 to February 2013 in 12 <italic>kebeles</italic> (administrative units) in northern Ethiopia. Geo-located prevalence data and soil samples were collected and analysed along with secondary geological, topographic, meteorological and elevation data. Soil data were analysed for chemical composition, mineralogy and particle size, and were interpolated to provide spatially continuous information. Exploratory, spatial, univariate and multivariate regression analyses of podoconiosis prevalence were conducted in relation to primary (soil) and secondary (elevation, precipitation, and geology) covariates.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Podoconiosis distribution showed spatial correlation with variation in elevation and precipitation. Exploratory analysis identified that phyllosilicate minerals, particularly clay (smectite and kaolinite) and mica groups, quartz (crystalline silica), iron oxide, and zirconium were associated with podoconiosis prevalence. The final multivariate model showed that the quantities of smectite (<italic>RR</italic> = 2.76, 95% <italic>CI:</italic> 1.35, 5.73; <italic>p</italic> = 0.007), quartz (<italic>RR</italic> = 1.16, 95% <italic>CI</italic>: 1.06, 1.26; <italic>p</italic> = 0.001) and mica (<italic>RR</italic> = 1.09, 95% <italic>CI:</italic> 1.05, 1.13; <italic>p</italic> < 0.001) in the soil had positive associations with podoconiosis prevalence.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>More quantities of smectite, mica and quartz within the soil were associated with podoconiosis prevalence. Together with previous work indicating that these minerals may influence water absorption, potentiate infection and be toxic to human cells, the present findings suggest that these particles may play a role in the pathogenesis of podoconiosis and acute adenolymphangitis, a common cause of morbidity in podoconiosis patients.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Price, Ew" uniqKey="Price E">EW Price</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Price, Ew" uniqKey="Price E">EW Price</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Price, Ew" uniqKey="Price E">EW Price</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Price, Ew" uniqKey="Price E">EW Price</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bailey, D" uniqKey="Bailey D">D Bailey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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uniqKey="Baxter P">P Baxter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davey, G" uniqKey="Davey G">G Davey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dubrule, O" uniqKey="Dubrule O">O Dubrule</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hengl, T" uniqKey="Hengl T">T Hengl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heuvelink, Gbm" uniqKey="Heuvelink G">GBM Heuvelink</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rossiter, Dg" uniqKey="Rossiter D">DG Rossiter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Angleterre de l'Est</li></region><settlement><li>Cambridge</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Cambridge</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Molla, Yordanos B" sort="Molla, Yordanos B" uniqKey="Molla Y" first="Yordanos B" last="Molla">Yordanos B. Molla</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Atkinson, Peter M" sort="Atkinson, Peter M" uniqKey="Atkinson P" first="Peter M" last="Atkinson">Peter M. Atkinson</name><name sortKey="Baxter, Peter" sort="Baxter, Peter" uniqKey="Baxter P" first="Peter" last="Baxter">Peter Baxter</name><name sortKey="Davey, Gail" sort="Davey, Gail" uniqKey="Davey G" first="Gail" last="Davey">Gail Davey</name><name sortKey="Le Blond, Jennifer S" sort="Le Blond, Jennifer S" uniqKey="Le Blond J" first="Jennifer S" last="Le Blond">Jennifer S. Le Blond</name><name sortKey="Le Blond, Jennifer S" sort="Le Blond, Jennifer S" uniqKey="Le Blond J" first="Jennifer S" last="Le Blond">Jennifer S. Le Blond</name><name sortKey="Newport, Melanie J" sort="Newport, Melanie J" uniqKey="Newport M" first="Melanie J" last="Newport">Melanie J. Newport</name><name sortKey="Wardrop, Nicola A" sort="Wardrop, Nicola A" uniqKey="Wardrop N" first="Nicola A" last="Wardrop">Nicola A. 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